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Masters, Brethren and Patrons of the Lord Leycester, 1571-1700

This page provides biographies of some of the brethren, the masters and the patrons of the Lord Leycester whose lives have been uncovered during the research for this exhibition. This page is still a work in progress; the appendix of Angus’s thesis will contain a complete list of the brethren, masters and patrons with the references.

The Brethren

* = no patent of admission survives.

Listed in alphabetical order.

Richard Biddle. Admitted 11 January 1698 and succeeded on 28 November 1704 (resident for 6 years).

Thomas Brabant. Admitted 1 March 1647; succeeded 13 December 1658 (resident 11 years). He was admitted following the 1641 Irish Rebellion.

George Carter. Admitted 15 January 1678 and succeeded on 27 February 1702 (resident for 24 years). Took the place of his relation Thomas Carter, who died before admission.

* Richard Dereham. Admitted in 1591 through a warrant issued by Queen Elizabeth I on 14 June 1691; succeeded on 13 February 1639, making him one of the longest serving brothers admitted to the hospital (resident for almost 47 years). He may have been from Worcester or Denbigh and Radnor in Wales. An image and transcription of the warrant is available here.

Edward Faulkner. Admitted 18 July 1654; succeeded 24 February 1669 from Long Itchington, Warwickshire. Faulkner was a servant for the Sidney family (resident for 13 years). An inventory of his estate is provided on page 15 of the exhibition brochure.

* Little John Flood. (1585-?) A yeoman named in the Hospital’s 1585 and 1589 deeds of incorporation. ‘Little John’ Flood appears in Robert Dudley’s household accounts as a groom of the stable. He also took part in Dudley’s grand funeral procession from Kenilworth to Warwick Castle in 1587. His Welsh-sounding name may suggest that he came from Leicester’s estates in Wales.

* Richard Gardner. (?1616-?) Little surviving evidence. One of the first brothers admitted. We know that he took part in Robert Dudley’s grand funeral procession from Kenilworth to Warwick Castle in 1587. He had served Dudley as a groom. He appears as a signatory to a hospital petition from 1617.

* John Gilbert. (1589-?) Mentioned as John in Ambrose Dudley’s Deed of Incorporation, though a Richard Gilbert was succeeded by Humphrey Wisdom in March 1645. The Lord Leycester financial accounts from the 1590s illuminate his presence at the hospital (Gilbert sometimes spelt as Gilbard). A petition issued by the brethren in 1617 also includes a signatory called Richard Gilbert, suggesting that Ambrose probably recorded his name incorrectly on the original deed!

William Green. Admitted 18 September 1658; succeeded 20 December 1671 (resident 13 years). Buried at St Mary’s Warwick.

* Thomas Greysley. (1585-?) Mentioned in Robert’s Deed of Incorporation. It is likely that he is the ‘Mr Greslei’ mentioned in Leicester’s Household Accounts and worked for the Earl of Leicester as a groom.

* John Hancocke. Hancocke was named in the Hospital's 1585 deed incorporation. A John Hancox was mentioned in Simon Adams' household accounts as an attendant at the funeral of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.

George Hartcourt (Harcourt). Admitted 24 April 1648; succeeded 7 June 1651 (resident 3 years). Location of origin unknown

Bartholomew Heath. Admitted 4 September 1657; succeeded 23 February 1680 (resident 22 years); and buried at St Mary’s Warwick. He was probably from an offshoot branch of the influential Heath family of Warwick that had members serve as bailiffs on a few different occasions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Greville Household Accounts suggest that Bartholomew was a Greville tenant at Wedgnock and was a cook when the Castle was transformed into a garrison. He was also paid for bringing horses down from Warwick to London. The Hospital’s stewards’ accounts record Heath completing various errands for the hospital, including visiting 'the woodman' in July 1661.

John Humphrys. Admitted 29 July 1692; succeeded 23 August 1726 (resident 34 years); and buried at St Mary’s Warwick. Location of origin unknown.

Francis Hunt. Admitted 1 December 1616; succeeded 24 April 1649 (resident 32 years), from (Long?) Marston in Warwickshire. He completed various errands on behalf of the hospital: the 1631 stewards’ accounts record that he visited Lady Leigh at Stoneleigh Abbey.

Thomas Jemeway. Succeeded on 20 September 1646. Was recorded to have undertaken lots of errands on behalf of the hospital.

Hugh Jones. Admitted 10 February 1636; succeeded 10 April 1651 (resident 15 years). Patent describes that he was a servant to the Earl of Essex, who was the son of Frances Walsingham, the widow of Sir Philip Sidney, the patron’s great uncle. Location of origin is unknown.

* Richard Makyns (Warwick). (1589-?); mentioned in Ambrose’s Deed of Incorporation and the Earl of Warwick Survey of Warwick (1576), suggesting that he was probably a resident in the town.

John Miles. Admitted 20 December 1647; succeeded 2 February 1668 (resident 20 years). He was an ‘auncient servant’ of the Sidney Earls. The Sidney Papers suggest that he was the individual responsible for overseeing Leicester House in London. He was buried at St Mary’s Warwick.

* Thomas Parsons. Nothing is known of this brother beyond the fact that he was succeeded by brother Francis Hunt in 1616. Thus, he was possibly a Dudley or Sidney servant.

* Alexander Saxon. (1585-?). Little is known about this brother. His name is listed in both Robert and Ambrose’s Deeds of Incorporation. Furthermore, his name appears in Ambrose’s Survey of Warwick (1576), suggesting he was probably one of Ambrose’s local tenants in the town.

* Nicholas Scott. (1598-?). Little is known about this brother. We know of his existence by the mentions of him in the ‘Father [Richard] Dereham and Father Scot[t]’ stewards’ accounts. This ‘Father Scott’ was probably the man called Nicholas Scott that is described in the Earl of Warwick’s 1576 Survey of Warwick.

John Stowe. Admitted 10 October 1650 (resident 5 years). Stowe was likely a servant to the Spencers of Wormleighton, a gentry Midlands family, who were related to the Sidneys by marriage. He was admitted despite reservations regarding his behaviour by the Master Timothy White highlighting the strength of patronage. He was expelled from the almshouse on 14 February 1656 because his estate was too considerable.

John Sutton. Admitted 23 November 1704; succeeded 15 April 1717 (resident 12 years). He was from Kenilworth. He is probably the son of the John Sutton who was mustered in John Hiron’s squadron of December 1643.

Robert Sydney. Admitted 7 April 1663; succeeded 30 December 1667 (resident 5 years). He was possibly an illegitimate or distant relation of the Sidney family. He was buried at St Mary’s Warwick in a prominent place in the churchyard, evidenced by the churchwardens’ accounts.

John Terry. Patent of admission 1 January 1633 and was succeeded on 10 October 1650 (resident for 17 years). Originally from Penshurst, Kent, he was a servant to the Sidney family, where he worked as the gamekeeper/deer-keeper on their estates.

* John Thomas. (1589-?). Mentioned in Ambrose’s Deed of Incorporation. A John Thomas is also mentioned in Leicester’s Household Accounts as a groom of the stables.

Samuel Rudd. Admitted 27 July 1688; succeeded 15 November 1689 (resident 21 years). He was buried in St Mary’s Warwick. He was originally from Warwick.

Francis Whetstone. Admitted 1 November 1625 and was succeed on 2 May 1653 (resident for 27 years). He was a yeoman from Kenilworth and buried at St Mary's Warwick. He was described as a yeoman and labourer and in his patent of admission was described as someone who could no longer labour. He nonetheless completed various errands for the hospital.

Richard Wigley. Admitted 30 May 1676 and succeeded on 9 June 1687 (resident 11 years). Originally from Long Itchington, Warwickshire. High-ranking servant of the Sidney family, who accumulated a hefty fortune. The Great Bell at St Mary's Warwick was rung on his death. He may also have had a room on the Sid

ney's Penshurst estates in Kent.

Henry Wilson. Admitted 20 December 1671; succeeded 14 May 1672. Wilson was from Warwick. He is possibly the same individual that was mustered to fight in Corporal William Bird’s Parliamentarian force in December 1643. He was buried at St Mary’s Warwick.

John Wisdom. Admitted 20 September 1646; succeeded 13 May 1671 (resident 24 years). He was from County Armagh and admitted following the 1641 Irish Rebellion. Records suggest that he was literate, while his will highlights his deeply-held religious beliefs. He was buried at St Mary’s Warwick, and the Great Bell was rung to honour his passing. His original badge and patent of admission can be viewed here.

Humphrey Wisdom. Admitted 8 March 1645; succeeded June 1653? when he was buried in St Mary’s Warwick. He was likely the brother of John Wisdom. Humphrey Wisdom is mentioned in the 1630 Ulster Musters from the Oneilland Barony where Viscount Grandison was his landlord. This suggests Humphrey had, at one point, been a soldier in Ireland. He was admitted to the almshouse after being maimed in the 1641 Irish Rebellion, where he was probably fighting to put down the rebels.

William Woodgate. Admitted 27 December 1690 and was expelled on 23 November 1704 for excessive wealth (resident for 13 years).

Henry Yardley. Admitted 2 May 1653; succeeded on 18 April 1689 (resident 35 years). Originally from Kenilworth. Described as 'aged, blynd, and past all bodily labour for his livelyhood'. There is a possible connection to the influential Warwick family of the same name. He was buried at St Mary's Warwick.

John Yardley. Admitted 24 February 1668; succeeded 16 January 1673 (resident 5 years).

Thomas Yardley. Admitted 2 December 1656 and was succeed on 21 January 1657 (resident 50 days). Originally from Warwick. Potential relation to Henry Yardley.

An Early Brother by Bram Allan-Bowdery, ÉñÂí¸£ÀûӰƬ (@creative_bram). All rights reserved.

The Masters

Rice Jem: Master from 1635 to 1650. Jem was also the vicar of Husbands Bosworth in Leicestershire, now known as Market Bosworth. In his will, he bequeathed some books to his curate at the church. He also gifted some books to Warwick library.

Jem was Master of the Lord Leycester during the Civil War conflict of the 1640s. His surviving letters suggest that he spent much of the Civil War conflict in Leicestershire and was brought before the Leicestershire Committee for Scandalous Ministers in 1646 and 1647 for pro-Royalist sympathies. During his absence, Timothy White – who succeeded him as master – seems to have deputised. At one point, during the conflict the brethren even refused to pay Jem's stipend. (See page 6 of the exhibition guide).

Although absent, Jem nonetheless took an active interest and oversight in the hospital's affairs. In 1644, he complained that the hospital had received only a few of their rents, as some had been taken by soldiers from Coventry. Meanwhile, soldiers from Warwick Castle had taken over the hospital's chapel and 'made continual incursions into the house, to the fear and trouble of the poor old men'. They also threatened to build a bulwark through the Hospital's garden. Jem wrote to the Patron's agent from Husbands Bosworth, referring to his difficulty in travelling because of ill heath and 'the Danger of the times'.

Timothy White: Master 1650-1660. Timothy White was born in 1610, son of Jacob White, who was Rector of Northfield 1587-1639. He matriculated from Clare College, Cambridge University in 1628. White succeeded his father as Rector of Northfield, Diocese of Worcester, now Birmingham, an office which he held from 1639 until his death in 1660.

He likely deputised for Rice Jem during the 1640s. During his time as master of the Lord Leycester, White expelled three Brethren: William Lattymer, John Stowe, William Barnett. These were the first documented expulsions from the hospital.

Samuel Jemmat: Master, 1671-1713. Jemma (also Jemmett) was born in 1636, and studied at Magdalen Hall and Corpus Christi College at the University of Oxford. He became Rector of Somerton, Oxford in 1665. He married his first wife Katharine Eids of Wasperton, Warwickshire, in 1667 and they had 7 children. Jemmat was Vicar of St Nicholas's Chirch, Warwick for 46 years until his death in 1713. He is commemorated by a tablet in St Nicholas's Church, which reads: "Here lies Samuel Jemmatt, MA. Rector of Somerton, in the community of Oxford for 46 years. He was Ecclesiastic Vicar and Master of Lord Leycester's Hospital for 41 years. He died on 3rd of May, AD 1713, aged 76. To the right lies Maria, his lawful wife, last daughter of Stephanie Boulton. To the left lies Susan Boulton, sister of Maria, aforementioned."

Samuel Jemmat became Master of the Lord Leycester in 1671, and remained in post for over 40 years. During this time, the hospital became so well off that the twelve brethren were each receiving considerably more than Jemmat, whose salary as master was poor and still limited to the £50 specified in the hospital's Statutes 100 years earlier. Jemmat’s solution was to allocate himself part of the brethren’s share of the rents and dividends. The brethren complained about this because it was against the rules, and meant there was less for them.

Jemmat’s time in office was made very uncomfortable by the brethren as a result. He complained that whenever he tried to enforce the rules or discipline them, for instance fining them for not attending church, the brethren answered him back and threatened him with a Visitation. The official visitors, or inspectors, of the hospital appointed by the Earl of Leicester were the Bishop, Dean and Archdeacon of Worcester. A letter from 1700 to the Bishop and patron from the mayor and aldermen of Warwick and ‘all of the nobility, gentry and principal burgers of the corporation’ vouches for Jemmat. It says he had lived among them for 29 years, always behaved himself soberly, been a constant preacher, loyal to the government and true to the interest of the Church of England, charitable to the poor; and ‘walked before this people, by a good example, so that we cannot believe the said information can have any truth in them’.

Despite these examples of tension with some of the brethren, there is also evidence that Jemmat formed close positive relationships with others. In his will of 1687, for example, Brother Richard Wigley bequeathed a silver watch and a guinea of gold for a mourning ring to Jemmat, who he described as his ‘good friend’ (see pages 14 and 16 of the exhibition guide).

 

Engraving of Rice Jem’s funeral monument (now lost) from J. Nichols, The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester (1800-04).

The inscription reads: ‘Here lies the body of Mr Rice Jem, late rector of [Husbands Bosworth], who lived piously towards God, peaceably towards his neighbour, and charitably towards the poor, and so died June 9, 1648, aged 68’.

Will of Brother Richard Wigley’s of 9 August 1687, in which he entrusts his 'good friend' and master Samuel Jemmat with overseeing arrangements for his funeral and his wife after his death. He also bequeathed some of his possessions to Jemmat. Worcester Archive & Archaeology Service, Ref.008.7/B

The Patrons

Listed in chronological order.

Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester (founder and patron of the Lord Leycester 1571-1588). Dudley founded the Lord Leycester in 1571, a point when he was consolidating his power across his West Midlands estates. Dudley is best known for his close and intimate relationship with Queen Elizabeth I, who wrote letters with the prominent ‘eyes’ motif to him. He is also known for the controversy that surrounded the death of his first wife, Amy Robsart. Some alleged that he conspired to have her pushed down the stairs to improve his chances of marrying the Queen. Leicester was also a consistent champion of moderate Puritan theologians throughout his lifetime, including the Lord Leycester's Master Thomas Cartwright. This ideology pushed for further changes to the Elizabethan Settlement in the post-Reformation period. His only legitimate son, Baron Denbigh, died in 1584, a year before the statutes were finalised.

Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick (patron of the Lord Leycester 1588-1590): Robert’s older brother and son of John, Duke of Northumberland, who had also been the Earl of Warwick before the Crown confiscated the title due to his treason in blocking the succession of Queen Mary. In their attentions to Robert’s glamour and good looks, historians have often overlooked Ambrose. After Robert’s death, he was the patron of the Lord Leycester between 1588 and his own death in 1590. In his lifetime, Ambrose established a reputation as a soldier of European acclaim; he led the force raised to put down the Northern Rebellion of 1569. In this period, Ambrose was the owner of Warwick Castle and Lord of the Manor of Warwick. Ambrose left no legitimate children.

Elizabeth I (patron of the Lord Leycester in 1590s). For a brief period after Ambrose Dudley’s death, the patronage of the institution was held by the Crown, who admitted Richard Dereham. Elizabeth I was the patron because it was not clear who was the rightful heir to Robert and Ambrose Dudley. There were lengthy and heated legal battles between the Earl of Leicester’s illegitimate son, Sir Robert Dudley, his nephew (Sir Robert Sidney), and his widow (Lettice Dudley).

Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester (1563-1626) and Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester (1595-1677). The Sidneys were eventually successful in proving their rights to succeed the Earl of Leicester as his rightful heirs, which culminated in Robert being made Earl of Leicester in 1618. The Sidneys, based in London and Kent, were generally pretty hands-off in their oversight of the Lord Leycester, but occasionally they intervened in important moments to try and defend its interests, including advising the hospital in the difficult Civil War years and instructing Timothy White to dismiss a woman caught up in a sexual controversy employed at the institution in the 1650s. This highlights how the Sidney Earls viewed the hospital as partly representative of their own noble status and honour.

Robert Sidney Earl of Leicester, founder and patron of the Lord Leycester Hospital. Portrait in Waddesdon Manor, c. 1564. Public domain via wikimedia commons.

The Sidney family porcupine in the Lord Leycester courtyard. Photo from the Lord Leycester collection.

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